There’s fungus among us, and it may be aggravating allergies and asthma symptoms. A recent study published on December 16 in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology reveals that people suffering from allergies and asthma harbour different fungal colonies in their nasal passages compared to individuals without respiratory conditions.

The study, led by Dr Luis Delgado from the University of Porto in Portugal, highlights a significant connection between nasal fungi and respiratory health. “We showed that allergic rhinitis samples displayed a significantly higher fungal diversity and a different fungal community structure compared to those of healthy controls,” Delgado noted.

Researchers analyzed nasal swabs from 214 children and young adults who were receiving treatment at an immunology and asthma clinic in Porto. They compared these results with nasal swabs collected from 125 healthy individuals. Upon sequencing the fungal DNA, scientists discovered an abundance of fungi known to promote allergies or diseases in humans.

“This suggests that the nasal cavity is a major reservoir for fungi that could be involved in allergic rhinitis and asthma,” Delgado explained in the journal's news release.

The study further revealed that individuals with respiratory allergies, particularly those suffering from both asthma and allergic rhinitis, exhibited a more diverse and richer population of fungal species in their noses. Researchers believe this diversity may impact the immune environment in the nasal cavity, potentially worsening symptoms.

However, Delgado emphasized the need for further research to understand these findings fully. “We could not control all patient-specific variables, such as disease severity and related treatment levels, and patients were sampled at a single time,” he said. Future studies will focus on variables like disease severity and long-term fungal exposure, and researchers may explore whether reducing fungal levels in the nose can alleviate allergy or asthma symptoms.

Effective Tips to Manage Asthma and Allergies

Given the potential role of fungi in worsening allergies and asthma, effective management strategies are essential for those affected. Here are some expert-backed tips to help minimize symptoms:

1. Keep Indoor Air Clean:

- Use air purifiers with HEPA filters to reduce airborne allergens, including fungal spores.

- Regularly clean and maintain HVAC systems to prevent mould buildup.

2. Control Humidity Levels:

- Fungi thrive in humid environments. Keep indoor humidity below 50 per cent using dehumidifiers and proper ventilation.

- Fix leaks or damp areas promptly to prevent mould growth.

3. Practice Nasal Hygiene:

- Use saline nasal sprays or rinse solutions to clear the nasal passages and flush out allergens, including fungal spores.

4. Limit Outdoor Exposure:

- Stay indoors on high-pollen and humid days when fungal spores are likely to be abundant.

- Wear a mask when gardening or cleaning dusty areas where mould can lurk.

5. Clean Regularly:

- Dust and vacuum your home frequently to remove mould spores and allergens. Opt for vacuums equipped with HEPA filters.

- Wash bedding, curtains, and upholstery in hot water to eliminate allergens.

6. Monitor Symptoms and Seek Medical Advice:

- Keep track of allergy and asthma flare-ups to identify triggers and take preventive measures.

- Work with an allergist or pulmonologist to develop an effective management plan, including antifungal treatments if necessary.

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