Prolonged exposure to polluted air can significantly increase the risk of developing dangerous blood clots, according to recent research. “What’s striking from our study is the increase in serious blood clotting diseases with exposure to some of the most common types of pollutants in the air we breathe,” said Dr Pamela Lutsey, lead author and professor of public health at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Dr Lutsey explains that air pollution's health effects extend far beyond respiratory conditions. "It impacts blood clot risks, even in people who are otherwise healthy and have no prior respiratory issues," she noted.

The study analyzed health data from over 6,600 participants across the United States, tracking them for 17 years. Researchers also measured participants’ daily exposure to four major air pollutants: fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone.

The findings revealed that chronic exposure to fine particulate matter increased the risk of blood clots by 43 per cent. This pollutant, often associated with events like forest fires and industrial emissions, proved to be a significant contributor to clotting.

Nitrogen dioxide exposure nearly tripled the odds of developing blood clots, while nitrogen oxides were linked to a 2.3-fold increase in risk. Interestingly, ozone exposure showed no significant association with clot formation.

Blood clots, particularly venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), can have life-threatening consequences. VTEs include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which forms clots in the veins—often in the legs—and pulmonary embolisms, where clots travel to the lungs. Both conditions can lead to serious health complications, including strokes.

These findings, published in the journal Blood on December 12, underline the pressing need for stricter air quality regulations in the United States. Dr Lutsey and her team hope the study will encourage policymakers to take action to improve air pollution standards to safeguard public health.

How To Prevent Blood Clots

While reducing exposure to air pollution requires systemic changes, there are steps individuals can take to lower their risk of blood clots:

- Stay Active: Regular physical activity helps improve blood circulation and reduces the risk of clots, particularly for those with sedentary lifestyles. Take frequent breaks to move if you work long hours at a desk.

- Stay Hydrated: Dehydration thickens the blood, increasing the likelihood of clot formation. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your blood flowing smoothly.

- Wear Compression Stockings: For people prone to clots, particularly those who travel long distances, compression stockings can improve blood flow in the legs.

- Quit Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and raises clotting risks. Quitting this habit significantly lowers the chances of clot-related complications.

- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess weight puts additional pressure on veins and increases the risk of DVT. A balanced diet and regular exercise can help manage weight effectively.

- Monitor Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol increase clot risks. Work with your healthcare provider to manage these effectively.

- Consult a Doctor When Necessary: If you notice symptoms like swelling, redness, or unexplained pain in your legs—or experience shortness of breath—seek immediate medical attention.

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